Circuit Switching Packet Switching(Datagram type) Packet Switching(Virtual Circuit type) Dedicated path No Dedicated path No Dedicated path Path is established for entire conversation Route is established for each packet Route is established for entire conversation Call setup delay packet transmission delay call setup delay as well as packet transmission delay Overload may block call setup Overload increases packet delay Overload may block call setup and increases packet delay Fixed bandwidth Dynamic bandwidth Dynamic bandwidth No overhead bits after call setup overhead bits in each packet overhead bits in each packet

block diagram block diagram Sr. No. IIR systems FIR systems 1. IIR stands for infinite impulse response systems FIR stands for finite impulse response systems 2. IIR filters are less powerful than FIR filters, & require less processing power and less work to set up the filters FIR filters are more powerful than IIR filters, but also require more processing power and more work to set up the filters 3. They are more easy to change "on the fly”. They are also less easy to change "on the fly" as you can by tweaking (say) the frequency setting of a parametric (IIR) filter 4. These are less flexible. Their,greater power means more flexibility and ability to finely adjust the response of your active loudspeaker. 5. It cannot implement linear-phase filtering. It can implement linear-phase filtering. 6. It cannot be used to correct frequency-response errors in a loudspeaker It can be used to correct frequency-response errors in a loudspeaker to a finer deg...

It is possible to propagate several modes of electromagnetic waves within a waveguide. The physical dimensions of a waveguide determine the cutoff frequency for each mode. If the frequency of the impressed signal is above the cutoff frequency for a given mode, the electromagnetic energy can be transmitted through the guide for that particular mode with minimal attenuation. Otherwise the electromagnetic energy with a frequency below cutoff for that particular mode will be attenuated to a negligible value in a relatively short distance. The dominant mode in a particular waveguide is the mode having the lowest cutoff frequency. For rectangular waveguide this is the TE10 mode. The TE (transverse electric) signifies that all electric fields are transverse to the direction of propagation and that no longitudinal electric field is present. There is a longitudinal component of magnetic field and for this reason the TEmn waves are also called Hmnwaves. The TE designation is usually preferre...

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics Linear Algebra: Vector space, basis, linear dependence and independence, matrix algebra, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, rank, the solution of linear equations – existence and uniqueness. Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, line, surface and volume integrals, Taylor series. Differential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, methods of solution using variation of parameters, complementary function and particular integral, partial differential equations, variable separable method, initial and boundary value problems. Vector Analysis: Vectors in plane and space, vector operations, gradient, divergence and curl, Gauss's, Green's and Stoke's theorems. Complex Analysis: Analytic functions, Cauchy's i...